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60xxx, 61xxx (+62) 31 L (for ), SKB (for ) Airport, Surabaya LRT and MRT ( planned) Website Surabaya ( Indonesian pronunciation: ) is the capital of province in. Surabaya is the in with a population of over 3 million within the and over 10 million in the Greater Surabaya metropolitan area, known as. Located on northeastern on the, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Surabaya was the largest city in the, larger than (present day ) and the centre of trading in the nation, which was then a competitor of. Today the city remains one of the important financial hubs of the Indonesian archipelago, arguably second only to Jakarta, and the is Indonesia's second-busiest seaport. Fighting shark and crocodile, the emblem of Surabaya city applied since colonial times, derived from local folk etymology Surabaya alludes to a prophecy of, a 12th-century psychic king of, foreseeing a fight between a giant and a giant white crocodile taking place in the area, which is sometimes interpreted as foretelling the, a major conflict between the forces of, ruler of, and those of 's in 1293. The two animals are now used as the city's symbol, with the two facing and circling each other, as depicted in a statue appropriately located near the entrance to the.
Alternate derivations proliferate: from the Javanese sura ing baya, meaning 'bravely facing danger'; or from the use of surya to refer to the sun. Some people consider Jayabaya's prophecy as being about the between native Surabayan people and foreign invaders at the start of the war of independence in 1945. Another story tells of two heroes who fought each other to be the king of the city.
The two heroes were named Sura and Baya. These, though embraced enthusiastically by its people and city leaders, are unverifiable. Map of Surabaya from an 1897 English travel guide The Kingdom of was one of the two kingdoms that was formed in 1045 when abdicated his throne in favour of his two sons. The earliest historical record of Surabaya was in the 1225 book written by, in which it was called. The name was probably originated from the name 'Hujung Galuh' (Old Javanese lit: 'Cape Diamond' or 'Cape Gemstone'), or 'Jung-ya-lu' according to Chinese source.
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Hujung Galuh was located on the estuarine of and today is the part of modern Surabaya city. By the 14th to 15th centuries, Surabaya seems to be one of ports or coastal settlements, together with Tuban, Gresik, and Hujung Galuh (Sidoarjo). Documented the of 's in his 1433 book: 'after traveling south for more than 20 li, the ship reached Sulumayi, whose foreign name is Surabaya. At the estuary, the outflowing water is fresh'.
Ma Huan visited Java during Zheng He's fourth expedition in the 1413, during the reign of Majapahit king. He describes his travel to Majapahit capital, first he arrived to the port of Tu-pan where he saw large numbers of Chinese settlers migrated from and Chou Chang. Then, he sailed east to thriving new trading town of Ko-erh-hsi , Su-pa-erh-ya (Surabaya), and then sailing inland into the river by smaller boat to southwest until reached the Brantas river port of Chang-ku (Changgu).
Continuing to travel by land to the southwest, he arrived in Man-che-po-I (Majapahit), where the Javanese king stayed. Precolonial era By late 15th century, began to take its root in Surabaya.
The settlement of Ampel Denta, located around in today Ampel subdistrict, Semampir district, north Surabaya, was established by a charismatic Islamic proselytizer. In the late 15th and 16th centuries, Surabaya grew to be a, a major political and military power in eastern Java. The Portuguese writer mentioned that a Muslim lord was in power in Surabaya in 1513, though likely still a vassal of the Hindu–Buddhist Majapahit.
At that time, Surabaya was already a major trading port, owing to its location on the delta and on the trade route between and the via the. During the decline of Majapahit, the lord of Surabaya resisted the rise of the, and only submitted to its rule in 1530.
Surabaya became independent after the death of Sultan Trenggana of Demak in 1546. The Duchy of Surabaya entered a conflict with, and was later by, the more powerful in 1625 under.: 31 It was one of Mataram's fiercest campaigns, in which they had to conquer Surabaya's allies, Sukadana and, and to lay siege to the city before capturing it. With this conquest, Mataram then controlled almost the whole of Java, with the exception of the and the Dutch settlement of.: 31 Colonial era The expanding took the city over from a weakened in November 1743. In consolidating its rule over Surabaya, and in time, the rest of East Java, the Dutch collaborated with leading regional magnates, including (1720–1776), his brother (1727–1778), and the latter's son, (1759–1827), all from the powerful. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Surabaya was the largest city in.
It became a major trading centre under the colonial government, and hosted the largest naval base in the colony. Surabaya was also the largest city in the colony serving as the centre of Java's plantation economy, industry and were supported by its natural harbour. In 1920, a census recorded that Batavia had become the largest city. In 1917, a revolt occurred among the soldiers and sailors of Surabaya, led by the.
The revolt was firmly crushed and the insurgents given harsh sentences. Independence era. The burnt-out car of Brigadier Mallaby on the spot where he was killed by pro-independence Indonesian soldiers during the on 31 October 1945 occupied the city in 1942, as part of the, and it was bombed by the in 1944. After the at the end of World War II, Surabaya was. The young nation soon came into conflict with the British, who had become caretakers of the Dutch colony after the surrender of the Japanese. The, one of the well-known battles of the Indonesian revolution, started after the Arek-Arek Suroboyo (Teenagers of Surabaya) assassinated the British on October 30, 1945, near Jembatan Merah (the 'Red Bridge'), allegedly with a stray bullet.
The Allies gave an ultimatum to the Republicans inside the city to surrender, but they refused. The ensuing battle, which cost thousands of lives, took place on November 10, which Indonesians subsequently celebrate as Hari Pahlawan (Heroes' Day). The incident of the red-white flag (the at the top of Yamato Hotel's tower that was torn into the Indonesian red-white flag) by is also recorded as a heroic feat during the struggle of this city. The city is known as Kota Pahlawan 'city of heroes' due to the importance of the in galvanizing Indonesian and international support for during the. In June 2011, Surabaya received the Adipura Kencana Award as number one among 20 cities in Indonesia. Surabaya was reported by a Singaporean as being clean and green.
Geography Topography. Outskirt areas of Surabaya Surabaya is located on the northern coast of East Java province.
It is mostly lowlands with a river estuary of, one of two branches of the. Surabaya city borders in the north and east, in the south, and in the west. The regencies surrounding Surabaya are:.
to the northwest. to the west. to the northeast (on island). to the south.
to the southwest Like many other large Indonesian metropolises, many residents reside outside the city limits in a metropolitan area called. East Southwest South Southeast Climate Under the system, Surabaya features a ( Aw), with distinct.
The city's wet season runs from November through June, while the dry season covers the remaining five months. Unlike a number of cities and regions with a tropical wet and dry climate, average high and low temperatures are very consistent throughout the course of the year, with an average high temperature of around 31°C and average low temperatures around 23°C. The metropolitan area in 2014, seen from the Surabaya is the second-most populous city in Indonesia, with 3,457,409 recorded in the chartered city limits ( kota) in the 2015 census. With the extended metropolitan development area called (derived from - Surabaya-) adding more than 12 million inhabitants in several cities and around 50 districts spread over noncontiguous urban areas including Gresik, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, and Pasuruan regencies. Though central government of Indonesia recognizes only the metropolitan area (Surabaya, Gresik, and Sidarjo) as Greater Surabaya (Zona Surabaya Raya) with a population of 8,319,229 (2015), making Surabaya now the second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia.
The city is highly, with industries centralized in the city, and contains slums. As the main education centre, the city is also home for students from around Indonesia. Surabaya is an old city that has expanded over time, and its population continues to grow at roughly 2.2% per year.
In recent years, more people have moved to Surabaya from nearby suburbs and villages in East Java. Ethnicity. Immigrants in Surabaya, 1920s Ethnic people are the majority in Surabaya, with, and ethnic being significant minorities in the city. Surabaya also has ethnic populations from other parts of Indonesia:,. Surabaya is one of the major cities in Indonesia that has a major population of, especially the that originate from the region in. Language Most citizens speak a dialect of Indonesian/ called Suroboyoan, a subdialect of the Arekan dialect. A stereotype of this dialect concerns equality and directness in speech.
The use of is less strict than the dialect. The Suroboyoan dialect is a mixture of both Bahasa Indonesia and Javanese, also with some significant influence from foreign languages such as, etc., which has formed a special dialect known as Suroboyoan. The Suroboyoan dialect is actively promoted in local media, such as in local TV shows, radio, newspapers, and traditional dramas called.
Religion. 0.01% Although around 65% of citizens in Surabaya adhere to, other major religions include (Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodox), of whom the majority are Roman Catholics. The influence of is strong in basic Surabayan culture, but only a minority of the population adheres to Hinduism mostly among the ethnic minority. Also, a significant population of Chinese Indonesians adhere to and, and a small community of follow. The city had an influential role as a major Islamic centre in Java during the era. The prominent and honored Islamic figure in Surabaya was (Raden Rahmat).
His tomb is a sacred religious site in the city and is visited by Surabayans and pilgrims from different parts of Indonesia. The largest Muslim organization in Indonesia, was established in Surabaya on 26 January 1926. Is the largest mosque in Surabaya. Christianity as a whole in Surabaya is mainly practised by Chinese Indonesians, as well as native, and who attend either a Roman Catholic or Protestant church. A minority of Javanese practice at the Gereja Kejawen, a branch of native Christianity. Around 15 churches are in Surabaya; they vary in size. Gereja Katolik Kelahiran Santa Perawan Maria (The Church of The Nativity of Blessed Virgin Mary), also known as Gereja Kepanjen, was built in 1815 as the first church in Surabaya and is one of the oldest churches in Indonesia.
The main Orthodox Church in Indonesia, St Nikolas Church, is also based in Surabaya. The Centre Surabaya was opened on 15 October 2008.
Once the major religion in Surabaya and across the archipelago during the Majapahit era, played a major role on traditional Surabayan culture. Small Hindu communities still exist, most commonly in the eastern sections of the city.
Surabaya was the location of the only in Java, but it rarely obtained a (quorum). The synagogue was demolished in 2013 by unidentified persons while the city council was in the process of registering it as a heritage site. In the years prior to its demolition, it had been the site of a number of anti-Israel protests. A Jewish cemetery exists in the city. Chinese folk temple Economy Since the early 1900s, Surabaya has been one of the most important and busiest trading city ports in Asia.
Principal exports from the port include,. Its rich history as a trading port has led to a strong financial infrastructure with modern economic institutions such as banks, insurance, and sound export-import companies. The economy is influenced by the recent growth in foreign industries and the completion of the. The high potential and economic activities make the city an attractive destination to foreign investors.
The city is home to a large and numerous specialized naval schools. Business As the provincial capital, Surabaya has a number of offices and business centres; as a metropolitan city, it became the centre of economic, financial, and business activities in East Java and beyond. Also, Surabaya is the second-largest port city in Indonesia after Jakarta. As a trading centre, Surabaya is not only a trade centre for East Java, but also facilitates areas in, and Eastern Indonesia.
Surabaya's strategic location in almost in the centre of Indonesia and just south of Asia makes it one of the important hubs for trading activities in Southeast Asia. It is currently in the process of building high-rise skyscrapers, including apartments, condominiums, and hotels to attract foreign capital.
Surabaya and the surrounding area are undergoing the most rapidly growing and the most advanced economic development in Indonesia. The city is also one of the most important cities in supporting Indonesia's economy. Most of the population is engaged in services, industry, and trade. Surabaya is a fast growing trading centre. Major industries include shipbuilding, heavy equipment, food processing and agriculture, electronics, home furnishings, and handicrafts. Many major multinational companies are based in Surabaya, such as PT Sampoerna Tbk, Maspion, Wing's Group, Unilever Indonesia, Pakuwon Group, Jawa Pos Group, and PT PAL Indonesia.
Business districts The area between Jalan Basuki Rachmat, Jalan Embong Malang, and Jalan Bubutan has grown as a business centre and has turned into one of the main business and trade activities areas in Surabaya. Some of the important buildings in this area include Wisma BRI Surabaya, Hotel Bumi Surabaya, Wisma Dharmala Surabaya, The Peak Residence, Sheraton Hotel, etc. Another cluster around Jalan Mayjend Sungkono, Jalan Adityawarman, Jalan HR Muhammad, and Jalan Bukit Darmo has grown as a new business centre of the city. This area has now grown as one of the most rapidly growing commercial and business centres in East Java, with high-rise buildings.
Some of the tallest buildings in Surabaya located in this area, such as Adhiwangsa Apartment, Waterplace Residence, Puri Matahari, Beverly Park Apartment, The Via & The Vue Apartment, Ciputra World Hotel, Puncak Permai Apartment, Rich Palace Hotel, and so forth. Majapahit Hotel building is a cultural heritage of Surabaya Architecture in Surabaya is a mixture of colonial, Asian, Javanese, modern, and post-modern influences. There are still many colonial era relics still standing today, such as Hotel Majapahit and Surabaya Post Office. As a relatively old city in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, most colonial buildings in Surabaya were built around the 17th century to early 20th century. These buildings have influence of Dutch / European style in the Middle Ages.
Before the Second World War, there were many shop houses in the old part of the city, mostly of two storey. These shop houses have influence of European and Chinese traditions. Although some have been dismantled for new construction, there are still many old buildings that are preserved as cultural heritage and city icons, which are around the area of Kembang Jepun Street, Karet Street, Gula Street, Slompretan Street, and Rajawali Street. After independence of Indonesia, the centre of Surabaya's architectural development was concentrated only in the area of Jembatan Merah, and its surroundings.
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, modern and post-modern style buildings were increasingly emerging in Surabaya. Along with the economic development, such buildings continue to grow in Surabaya until now. In the era of 2010s, Surabaya has become a region for high-rise buildings in East Java, such as The Peak Residence and One Icon Residence (200 metres). Important landmarks. Surabaya Sports Centre from the air in 2015.
Kebun Binatang Surabaya opened in 1916. It was the first in the world to have successfully bred in captivity., a recently built mosque, one of the unique mosques with Chinese-style architecture in Indonesia. Dedicated to the Hui Chinese diplomat,., the largest mosque in Jawa Timur., one of the first churches to be built in Indonesia, and the first one ever built in Jawa Timur., a 41 metres (135 ft) high monument, is the main symbol of Surabaya and commemorates the heroes of the revolutionary struggle. There is a museum on location as well, exhibiting reminders of the struggle for independence., the resource centre of the culture and history of Nahdlatul Ulama, an independent Islamic religious organisation., a bank museum occupying the former De Javasche Bank built in 1904. House of Sampoerna, a museum devoted to the history of clove cigarette (kretek) manufacturing in Indonesia, housed in Dutch colonial buildings dating to 1864., a large, -like statue which commemorates the.
Monkasel, abbreviated from Monumen Kapal Selam A Soviet-built (named KRI Pasopati (410)), first launched in 1952, served in the Indonesian Navy from 1962 until decommissioned in 1990. After her decommissioning, Pasopati was dismantled and transferred to its present site in 1996. The submarine was reassembled on the current site and opened as a museum and tourist attraction in 1998.
Kenjeran Beach, located in the eastern of Surabaya, which also housed, a Chinese temple build over the sea. Market of the Chinese Tomb, last resting place of, magnate, mandarin and landlord in Surabaya and, and patriarch of the patrician. Han Ancestral Hall, a historic house that serves as a memorial temple for the ancestors of the Han family of Lasem.
Tomb of Sunan Ampel. Bungkul Park Military establishment The Eastern Fleet is headquartered here. It is one of two fleets in the. Its maritime heritage is also represented in a form of KRI Pasopati Submarine Monument, a retired Russian. Transportation Transportation in Surabaya is supported by land and sea infrastructure serving local, regional, and international journeys.
Air transport is located at, at,. Intracity transport is primarily by motor vehicles, motorcycles and taxis with limited public bus transport available. Surabaya is also a transit city between and for ground transportation. Another bus route is between Jakarta and the neighboring island of.
Airport Surabaya's is a passenger and cargo airport which also serves as Surabaya's Navy Airbase, operated by the TNI-AL (Indonesian Navy) and located just outside Surabaya, on the outskirts of Sidoarjo. This airport has served Surabaya for many years, and currently has 2 terminals, with domestic flights served from Terminal 1 and all international flights and Garuda Indonesia's domestic flights serviced from Terminal 2. Although considered smaller than in and in, is still regarded as Indonesia's second busiest airport right after Jakarta's. ( becak) in the street in Surabaya Bus The main bus terminal is (located in, ), the other major terminal is Osowilangon in.
Public transport There are various kinds of local transport including: taxi-cabs,. Online transportation services like, and are also available in Surabaya. Suramadu Bridge The (derived from Surabaya- Madura) connects Surabaya and over the Madura Strait. A 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) highway has been proposed to be built from the Suramadu Bridge to Madura International Seaport-City in Pernajuh village, Kocah district, at a cost of approximately Rp. 60 billion (US$7 billion). This container port was built to ease the burden on Surabaya's overloaded Tanjung Perak Port. The longest bridge in Indonesia Sports The city has one professional football club,.
The club has won the three times–twice when the division was the first tier and once as the second tier. Fans refer to themselves as Bonek, an abbreviation for Bondo Nekat (which translates as 'equipped by bravery'). The city is the home of, a basketball club which participated in IBL (Indonesia basketball league) & Asean Basketball League. Surabaya has a,. The stadium is used mostly for matches. It is the new home stadium of Persebaya, replacing.
It was the venue of a match between Persebaya 1927 against then–English club, held on 23 July 2012. Education Universities and post-secondary institutions Surabaya has several major universities and institutions, including those with religious or technical specialties:. Main building., a university educating teachers; also with programs in Economics, Technology, and Law. State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel (UINSA), a public university for Islamic studies. Narotama University (UNNAR), Surabaya., a technical institution located in Surabaya., an institute specializing in Technical Studies., a university managed by Yayasan Nala, founded., an institute specializing in Computer Programming., a Christian university in Indonesia.
(3 campuses), a Catholic private university in Surabaya with facilities for Healthcare Studies at a newly opened third campus in the eastern part of the city., a private university teaching Pharmacy and Psychology., a university affiliated with Indonesian Police Department of East Java., a university which is the oldest private faculty of medicine in eastern Indonesia. Established in 1981, The Faculty of Medicine was founded in 1986. a Public University established in 1984., a private entrepreneurial-oriented university founded in 2006 by the Ciputra Group. Primary and secondary schools. Rujak cingur, specialty of Surabaya.
As a metropolitan city, all types of and other international restaurants have a presence. However, as the capital of, cuisines from the province dominates the culinary culture of the city. East Javanese cuisines include a variety of processed fruits, crisps temph, telo, Malang, Rawan, Tahu campur lamongan, Cwie noodles, tahu takwa, tahu pong, getuk pisang, pecel madiun, nasi krawu, otak-otak bandeng, bonggolan, shrimp crackers, shrimp paste, petis, Tempeh Chips, tahu tepo, Nasi lethok, sego tempong, salad soup, pecel rawon, Suwar-suwir, tape proll, gaplek, lodho, goat satay, and pecel tulungagung. Surabaya is famous for Rawon, Rojak cingur, Semanggi, Lontong Balap, clams satay, mussels, and rice cake.: a marinated snout or lips and noses ( cingur), served with boiled vegetables and shrimp crackers. It is then dressed in a sauce made of caramelized fermented shrimp paste ( ), peanuts, and spices. It is usually served with, a boiled rice cake. Rujak cingur is considered traditional food of Surabaya.: a dark beef soup, served with sprouts and the ubiquitous.
The dark (almost black) color comes from the kluwak ( Pangium edule) nuts. Lontong kupang: with small in sauce.
Semanggi: a salad made of boiled semanggi ( M. Crenata) leaves that grow in paddy fields. It is dressed in a spicy peanut sauce. Notable people. Dick, Howard W. Surabaya City Of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900–2000 (Ohio RIS Southeast Asia Series): Howard Dick: 216: Amazon.com: Books. Irwan Rouf & Shenia Ananda (2013-01-01).
(in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 November 2014.
Surabaya Tourism, EastJava.com. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
Hirth and W.W. Rockhill, Chau Ju-kua, St Petersburg, 1911. Ying-yai Sheng-lan, The Overall Survey of Ocean Shore, translated by J.V.G. 90, 1970, reprint by White Lotus, 1997. Ma Huan; JVG Mills (1970). Pp. 86–97 (Country of Chao–Wa).
^ Drakeley S. The History of Indonesia. Greenwood, 2005. Margana, Sri (2007). Leiden: TANAP. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
Salmon, Claudine (1997). 53 (Volume 53): 121–206. Retrieved 17 February 2016. Peter James Rimmer; Howard W.
Dick (2009). September 5, 2011. World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 11 December 2017. Retrieved 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2018-12-14. Retrieved 2018-12-14.
d.o.o, Yu Media Group. Weather Atlas. Retrieved 2018-12-19. 2007-09-28 at the. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. Retrieved 2013-03-04.
2010-04-18 at the. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot., by Jessica Champagne and Teuku Cut Mahmud Aziz. Retrieved 9 May 2018. Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre and 27th ISLAND (in Indonesian). Archived from on January 1, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2013. Archived from on 2013-01-03.
Harsaputra, Indra (September 19, 2009). Former Chinese cemetery serves as bustling market. Retrieved 17 February 2016. Azali, Kathleen (2012). The Newsletter (International Institute for Asian Studies). Retrieved 17 February 2016. Fitrianto, Heri Agung (July 7, 2013).
Jejak Sang Kapiten Di Rumah Abu Keluarga Han. Retrieved 17 February 2016. The Submarine Monument. The Jakarta Post. Archived from on 2013-05-30. Retrieved 2013-03-04. (in Indonesian).
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Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Cooperation Activities of Surabaya with Partners Overseas (PDF). Surabaya City Government. Archived from (PDF) on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
Sister Cities International. Archived from on 2015-02-16. Retrieved 2015-02-15. The International Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR), Singapore. Retrieved 2015-02-15. Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office.
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travel guide from Wikivoyage. '.
Providing a fitness centre, RETYA165 is located in the Educity district in Surabaya. This property offers access to a balcony.
The 1-bedroom apartment features a kitchen with a toaster and 1 bathroom with a bidet. Offering private parking, this 3-star apartment also features free WiFi. The apartment offers an outdoor pool. A children's playground is available for guests at RETYA165 to use. Submarine Monument is 10 km from the accommodation. The nearest airport is Juanda International Airport, 19 km from the property.